Terpene Encyclopedia
Terpenes are the aromatic compounds that give cannabis its distinctive scents and contribute to its effects. This encyclopedia covers every major terpene — aroma, effects, mechanisms, and the research behind them.
The Entourage Effect
The entourage effect is the hypothesis that cannabinoids and terpenes work synergistically — producing effects greater than any single compound alone. First proposed by Mechoulam & Ben-Shabat (1998), it remains an active area of research.
While full-spectrum products are marketed on this basis, the clinical evidence for specific terpene-cannabinoid interactions in humans is still emerging. We grade the evidence for each interaction where data exists.
Major Terpenes
The most prevalent and studied terpenes in cannabis.
How Terpenes Work
Terpenes interact with the body through multiple mechanisms — not just the endocannabinoid system.
Receptor Binding
Some terpenes (notably caryophyllene) directly bind to cannabinoid receptors. Others interact with serotonin, GABA, and adrenergic receptors.
Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Channels
Many terpenes activate TRP channels involved in pain, temperature, and inflammation signaling — explaining analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects.
Synergistic Modulation
Terpenes may modulate how cannabinoids bind to receptors, potentially enhancing or tempering their effects — the basis of the entourage effect hypothesis.