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Cannabis Information
Minor CannabinoidPsychoactive

CBN

Cannabinol

Cannabinol (CBN) forms when THC oxidizes and degrades over time — it is the primary cannabinoid in aged cannabis. Mildly psychoactive, it is most commonly associated with sedative effects, though the clinical evidence is still emerging.

Mildly psychoactive — approximately 10% the potency of THC. Unlikely to produce significant intoxication at typical doses.

Quick Facts

Molecular Formula
C₂₁H₂₆O₂
Molecular Weight
310.43 g/mol
Boiling Point
185°C (365°F)
Legal Status (U.S.)
Hemp-derived CBN is in a regulatory gray area
Research Status
Limited clinical research

About CBN

Cannabinol is unique among cannabinoids in that it is not directly synthesized by the cannabis plant — it forms through the oxidative degradation of THC. When cannabis is exposed to air, light, or heat over time, THC loses hydrogen atoms and becomes CBN. This is why aged cannabis tends to have higher CBN content and is often reported to be more sedating.

CBN was actually the first cannabinoid to be isolated (1896) and its structure determined (1930s), predating the isolation of CBD and THC. However, it received less research attention because it was initially considered simply a THC breakdown product.

CBN is a weak partial agonist at CB1 receptors (approximately 10% the potency of THC) and a more potent CB2 agonist. It also activates TRPV2 channels and inhibits TRPA1 channels, mechanisms relevant to pain and inflammation.

The popular belief that CBN is strongly sedating is largely based on a single 1975 study (Cousens & DiMascio) that found CBN enhanced the sedative effects of THC. However, a 2021 study by Steep Hill Labs found no significant sedative effect from CBN alone. The sedation associated with aged cannabis may be due to terpene degradation rather than CBN content.

More robust evidence exists for CBN's analgesic effects. A 2019 study found CBN reduced myofascial pain in rats via TRPA1 mechanisms. Antibacterial properties against MRSA have also been demonstrated in vitro.

Receptor Affinity

  • CB1 weak partial agonist
  • CB2 partial agonist (higher affinity than CB1)
  • TRPV2 agonist
  • TRPA1 antagonist
  • PPARγ agonist

Key Mechanisms

  • Weak CB1 partial agonism — mild psychoactivity, potential sedation at high doses
  • CB2 agonism — anti-inflammatory effects in immune tissue
  • TRPA1 antagonism — analgesic effects, particularly myofascial pain
  • TRPV2 activation — may contribute to anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects
  • Antibacterial activity — disrupts bacterial cell membrane integrity
Evidence-Based

Clinical Uses & Evidence

Graded using a modified GRADE framework. Grade A = strong evidence; B = moderate; C = preliminary.

Insomnia / Sleep

Grade C

Popular belief in sedative effects not well-supported by controlled evidence. The 1975 Cousens study showed THC+CBN synergy but not CBN alone. No RCTs.

Key study: Cousens & DiMascio, Psychopharmacologia 1975

Myofascial Pain

Grade C

Preclinical evidence for TRPA1-mediated analgesia in rat models. No human trials completed.

Key study: Wong & Cairns, Arch Oral Biol 2019

Antibacterial (MRSA)

Grade C

In vitro activity against MRSA demonstrated. No clinical trials. Topical applications being explored.

Key study: Appendino et al., J Nat Prod 2008

Side Effects

Mild sedation (at higher doses)Uncommon
DizzinessUncommon
Generally well-toleratedCommon

Drug Interactions

CNS depressantsMild

Potential additive sedation, particularly when combined with THC

THCMild

May potentiate THC sedative effects (synergistic)

Always consult a pharmacist or physician before combining cannabis with prescription medications. This list is not exhaustive.

Dosing Notes

No established clinical dosing. Consumer products typically contain 5–25 mg CBN. Often combined with CBD in sleep formulations. Bioavailability data limited.

Dosing information is for educational purposes only. Consult a licensed healthcare provider for personalized guidance.

Legal Status

Hemp-derived CBN is in a regulatory gray area. DEA has indicated CBN derived from hemp may be legal under the Farm Bill, but this has not been formally codified. State laws vary.

Key Sources

  • The effects of cannabinoids on sleep. Psychopharmacologia, 1975.
  • Cannabinol and cannabidiol differentially affect myofascial sensitization. Archives of Oral Biology, 2019.
  • Antibacterial cannabinoids from Cannabis sativa. Journal of Natural Products, 2008.